Cataract Surgery Guide

Cataract Surgery Guide

What You Need to Know

What is Cataract Surgery?

Cataract surgery is a procedure to remove the cloudy lens of the eye (cataract) and replace it with an artificial lens to restore clear vision. It is one of the most common and effective surgeries worldwide, typically performed as a day procedure under local anesthesia.

Procedure Classification

Surgery (Therapeutic Procedure) – Cataract surgery is a therapeutic intervention aimed at restoring vision impaired by cataracts, a common age-related condition where the lens becomes cloudy.

Cataract Surgery Statistics

Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed surgeries globally. In the UK, over 450,000 cataract surgeries are performed annually, mainly in individuals over 65. The success rate is around 98%, making it highly effective in restoring vision.

Types of Cataract Surgery

1. Phacoemulsification (Phaco) – The most common method, using ultrasound waves to break up the cataract before removing it.
2. Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) – The cataract is removed in one piece through a larger incision, typically used for advanced cataracts.
3. Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS) – A laser is used for precise incisions and softening of the cataract.

Anatomy and Physiology

Cataract surgery is performed on the lens of the eye, a transparent structure behind the iris that focuses light onto the retina. The surgery involves removing the clouded natural lens and replacing it with an intraocular lens (IOL).

Who Needs Cataract Surgery?

Cataract surgery is recommended for people experiencing:

• Blurred or cloudy vision affecting daily activities
• Difficulty reading or seeing at night
• Sensitivity to light and glare
• Changes in color perception
• Vision impairment that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses

Costs & Coverage

In the UK, cataract surgery is available for free through the NHS if it is deemed necessary. Private cataract surgery can cost between £2,000 and £4,000 per eye, depending on the type of lens used. Private insurance may cover part or all of the cost.

Health Symptoms & Illnesses

Cataract surgery is most often associated with:

• Age-related cataracts
• Congenital cataracts (present at birth)
• Cataracts caused by diabetes, trauma, or prolonged use of steroids

Health Professionals

1. Ophthalmologist – A specialist who diagnoses and performs cataract surgery.
2. Optometrist – Provides pre- and post-surgical assessments and follow-up care.
3. General Practitioner (GP) – Offers initial diagnosis and referral to an ophthalmologist.
4. Anesthesiologist – Administers local or general anesthesia during surgery.

Questions to Ask

• What type of intraocular lens is best for me?
• How long does the procedure take?
• What are the risks and benefits of cataract surgery?
• Will I need glasses after surgery?
• How long will the recovery process take?

Cataract Surgery Process

Before the Procedure

• Eye examination and measurements for the artificial lens
• Blood tests and general health assessment
• Instructions on when to stop eating and drinking before surgery

During the Procedure

• Local anesthesia is administered.
• The surgeon makes a small incision and removes the cloudy lens.
• An artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted.
• The procedure usually takes 15–30 minutes.

After the Procedure

• Patients are monitored briefly and sent home the same day.
• An eye patch or shield may be worn for protection.

Recovery Process

• Full recovery takes 4–6 weeks.
• Vision improves within a few days, but it may take weeks for full clarity.
• Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities during recovery.

Preparation

Nutrition Dos and Don’ts

Dos:

• Eat a healthy diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E for eye health.
• Stay hydrated before surgery.
  Don’ts:
• Avoid alcohol the night before surgery.
• Stop taking any blood-thinning medications if instructed.

Lifestyle Dos and Don’ts

Dos:

• Arrange for someone to drive you home after surgery.
• Follow all pre-operative instructions.
  Don’ts:
• Avoid smoking as it slows the healing process.
• Don’t wear eye makeup before surgery.

Results

Most patients experience significant improvement in vision within a few days. Full results are noticeable after 4–6 weeks. Some may still need glasses for certain tasks, especially for reading.

Diagnosis

Cataract surgery is not a diagnostic procedure but helps treat vision problems caused by cataracts. Pre-surgical assessments determine the severity of the cataract and the appropriate treatment.

Risks and Benefits

Risks

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Retinal detachment
• Swelling or increased eye pressure

Benefits

• Restored vision
• Improved quality of life
• Reduced dependence on glasses

Alternatives

• Stronger Prescription Glasses or Contact Lenses – Temporary solution.
• Lifestyle Modifications – Improved lighting and anti-glare sunglasses.
• Watchful Waiting – For early-stage cataracts that don’t affect daily life.

Health Monitoring

After cataract surgery, patients are monitored for signs of complications such as infection or increased eye pressure. Regular follow-ups with an ophthalmologist ensure proper healing and visual improvement.

Clinical Products

1. Intraocular Lenses (IOLs) – Replaces the natural lens.
2. Antibiotic Eye Drops – Prevents infection post-surgery.
3. Steroid Eye Drops – Reduces inflammation.
4. Artificial Tears – Relieves dry eye symptoms.
5. Eye Shield or Patch – Protects the eye during recovery.

Services

1. Ophthalmology Clinics – Diagnosis, surgery, and follow-up care.
2. Optometry Services – Post-surgical assessments and vision correction.
3. Private Health Insurance – Covers surgery costs.
4. Home Care Services – Assistance during recovery.
5. Health Apps – Medication and appointment reminders.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is cataract surgery painful?
   No, it is performed under local anesthesia, and patients experience little discomfort.
2. How long does cataract surgery take?
   The procedure takes about 15–30 minutes.
3. Will I need glasses after cataract surgery?
   It depends on the type of lens implanted. Some still need reading glasses.
4. How soon can I drive after surgery?
   Usually within a week, once cleared by the surgeon.
5. Are there different types of lenses?
   Yes, including monofocal, multifocal, and toric lenses for astigmatism.
6. Can cataracts come back?
   No, but some patients may develop a condition called posterior capsule opacification, which can be treated with a laser.
7. What are the signs of complications?
   Severe pain, vision loss, or redness may indicate complications.
8. Is cataract surgery covered by the NHS?
   Yes, if medically necessary.
9. How long is the recovery?
   Full recovery takes about 4–6 weeks.
10. Can both eyes be done at the same time?
    No, surgeries are usually done a few weeks apart.